Two-way radios, also known as walkie-talkies, are essential communication tools used across various industries and personal activities. In fact, there are very many classifications and types of two way radios. For example, according to the purpose of use, they are categorized into commercial walkie-talkies and consumer walkie-talkies. For beginners, it can be difficult to choose the right walkie-talkie for them among so many types of walkie-talkies. Next, I will explain the types and uses of these walkie-talkies in detail.
What is Radio Service?
In the United States, all radio operators are regulated by FCC (The Federal Communications Commission). The FCC determines who, what, where, when, and how the entire U.S. radio spectrum is used. The FCC allocates certain radio frequency bands, or portions thereof, for commercial, private, and public sector use by assigning them to specific radio services. These services are governed by FCC rules and regulations under Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). In other words, different types of walkie talkies will be assigned to their own frequency bands. It is illegal to use any other frequency band. This practice prevents frequency abuse.
Different Types of Radio Service
Family Radio Service (FRS): It is told by the name that FRS is available for personal use. FRS operate on 462 MHz and 467 MHz range, which is belong to UHF frequency band. Transmit power on FRS channels is limited to a maximum of 2 watts. There are 22 FRS channels available. Channels 8-14 are low power FRS channels limited to one-half watt. All 22 channels are shared with GMRS. Although, FRS radio has lower output power, it does not require a license to operate.
General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS): Like FRS radio service, GMRS radio is available for personal use and is a popular choice for consumers and many radio enthusiasts to use in many operations and activities. But they still have some difference. There are 30 GMRS channels available, which is more than FRS. Eight are GMRS repeater channels and seven are low-power channels with a maximum power of half a watt.22 simplex channels are shared with FRS. In addition, GMRS radio requires a license to use.
Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS): Compared with FRS and GMRS radio service, MURS is unfamiliar. It was created in 2000 and can be used by businesses or individuals. MURS is allocated five VHF frequencies (151.820, 151.880, 151.940, 154.570, 154.600) and has a maximum power limit of 2 watts. MURS does not require a license. As people may not frequently use MURS frequencies, they are not crowded, which means that MURS operators may have more privacy.
Amateur Radio Service (Amateur Radio): Amateur or amateur radio service is often used by hobbyist. Amateur radio operates on UHF, VHF, and some HF frequencies and uses international Morse code, voice communications, data, pictures, and even video. As amateur radio needs more radio knowledge to operate, a license is required to operate amateur radio.
Marine Radio Service (Marine Band): Marine VHF radios are typically used on both large and small marine vessels for ship-to-ship or ship-to-shore communications. They are used to get staff connected or communicate with other ships, ports and harbors. These radios operate on the VHF frequency of 156 to 174 MHz. They are allowed to operate between 1 and 25 watts. Transmissions occur primarily in open water, so the range is usually much greater than for land-based radios.
Conclusion
Choosing the right type of two-way radio depends on your specific needs and budget, whether it’s for personal use, business operations, or extreme conditions. By understanding the features of each type, you can select the best communication tool to keep you connected.